perfect gerund and perfect participle

This lesson helps us understand what a perfect gerund is, and how vĩ đại use it in a sentence.

What is a gerund in English?

A gerund is an ‘ing‘ size of a verb that functions as a noun. Ex – teaching, talking, speaking, etc.

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Examples:

• Dancing can help you lose weight.
• Teaching is my passion.
• We love singing.
• She is very passionate about cooking.

What is a perfect gerund in English?

A perfect gerund is a gerund phrase that refers vĩ đại a past action and functions as a noun. It can be in both the active voice and the passive voice.

Perfect gerund structure (active voice): Having + past participle

We should not be upset about having lost vĩ đại them anymore.

The gerund phrase (in red) is working as the object of the preposition ‘about’. The subject (we) is asking their group not vĩ đại be upset about a past action. The perfect gerund is in the active voice as the subject of the main verb is the subject of the gerund phrase.

I am grateful for having made the mistakes I made. It made u a better person.

The subject is grateful for something (an action) they did in the past. Here too, the perfect gerund phrase is working as the object of the preposition ‘for‘.

The perfect gerund phrase is working as the object of the verb regret. The subject doesn’t regret an action he performed in the past.

Last night, my driver admitted having stolen some cash from my wallet a few days back.

In this sentence, the subject admitted an action that he had performed in the past. We can use (and generally use) a simple gerund for past actions too. Simple gerunds are usually used vĩ đại refer vĩ đại the present.

Having studied a language you need for a job gives you an upper hand.

What gives you an upper hand here? The action that happened in the past, in size of a perfect gerund, gives the speaker an upper hand in the present.

Simple gerunds referring vĩ đại past actions

• We should not be upset about losing vĩ đại them anymore.
• I am grateful for making the mistakes I made. It made u a better person.
• I don’t regret having slapped that guy.
• Last night, my driver admitted having stolen some cash from my wallet a few days back.

Perfect gerund structure (passive voice): Having + been + past participle

The man denied having been beaten in the jail.

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The perfect gerund phrase, here, is in the passive voice. The subject denied an action that he had received. In the passive voice, we focus on the receiver of the action, not the doer.

The subject regrets an action that he received in the past. The perfect gerund, here, is working as the direct object of the verb ‘regret‘.

Having been fired from the job turned vĩ đại be great for u.

Here, the gerund phrase is referring vĩ đại a past action that worked out great for the speaker. The perfect gerund is working as the subject of the sentence.

Fill in the blanks with a perfect gerund in either the active voice or the passive voice, and share the answers in the comment section below!

1. _____ gives u confidence vĩ đại tự it better. (do)
2. Do you regret ____ that night. (go)
3. Are you ashamed of _____ multiple times. (have)
4. He will never admit ______. (steal)
5. I am proud of ______. (reject)

FAQS